Friday, August 18, 2017

Romans 11:1-2, 29-32


Romans 11:1-2a, 29-32 (NRSV)

 I ask, then, has God rejected his people? By no means! I myself am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, a member of the tribe of Benjamin. 2 God has not rejected his people whom he foreknew.

29 for the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable. 30 Just as you were once disobedient to God but have now received mercy because of their disobedience, 31 so they have now been disobedient in order that, by the mercy shown to you, they too may now receive mercy. 32 For God has imprisoned all in disobedience so that he may be merciful to all.
 
 

Romans 11:1-32 have the theme that Jewish apostasy is not final. Paul discusses the faithfulness of God as a mystery. I begin with a prayer.

Lord Jesus, I pray for your family, the Jews. Preserve them from the prejudice and persecution of the church, the mosque and the secular governments of the world. Forgive humanity our sins against your people in the past. In particular, however, enable the church to honor them today by advocating for them, to stand by and with them, and to fight fiercely against all forms of sin against them. Help me as a person of faith in Christ to give thanks that Israel taught us to look for and to expect a messiah. Help me, in every aspect of my life, to be faithful to your love, not only believing in you as the Messiah, but also following you as my Lord and Savior. Amen. 

If we step back, we can see that Paul is wrestling with his version of the saving plan of God. We might even call it a philosophy of history from the perspective of the significance of the coming of Christ. The issue is that the Jewish people have received the promises and calling of God. How can Paul now say that Gentiles can now claim such promises and calling? He will respond by sketching out the historical dealings of God with humanity. If we go back to the argument in Romans 1-8, Paul says that Christ is the “end of the Law.” He is saying that the Law had its place in the saving plan of God for humanity, but that Christ has now fulfilled that purpose. The saving plan of God continues in calling people to faith in Christ rather than obedience to the Law. Yet, this occurs in a way that fulfills the purpose of the Law. In Romans 9-11, Paul is working on the role of Israel in the formation of the people of God. The political organization of Israel, whether as a tribal federation or as sacral kingship, was the form the covenant people of God took as the focus of the saving plan of God for humanity. Yet, the prophetic notion of the remnant within Israel (I Kings 19:10-14, Deuteronomy 29:4, Isaiah 29:10, Psalm 69:22-23) is a reminder that Israel has always contained the faithful and the faithless. The same is true today. Paul and the disciples are prominent examples of a remnant from the Jewish faith that has embraced Christ as fulfilling the saving purpose of God. However, this means the historical form of the people of God needs to shift from the political organization of the nation of Israel to the formation of the church as the Body of Christ. Bringing people into this community is now the center of the formation of the people of God who are to be a light to the nations. The church fulfills the saving purpose of God in such a way that it does not replace Israel but fulfills the purpose of Israel in the world as the people of God. This means the church must always humbly acknowledge its indebtedness to Israel and therefore its Jewish roots. The rejection of the gospel by the Jewish people means that the people of God presently divide along the lines of Judaism and Christianity. Even though Israel has rejected the saving purpose of God in Christ, God has not rejected Israel. For God to do so would mean that Christians, newly incorporated into Israel and the people of God, should have some anxiety about whether God will abandon them for some new people! Thus, God remains faithful to the people of the old covenant. Sadly, the history of the church is that it has claimed as an exclusive quality the election of God only for itself.[1] In the process, the church needs to admit its complicity in the spread of anti-Semitism. However, their destiny is to find their unity in Christ. The faith and hope of the church includes the preservation and redemption of Israel. The hope of Israel in this world is the intimate concern the church has for it.[2] It ought to pain us that when Jews see the cross or think of the church, they do so with fear. The church needs to admit that while it must have a respectful relation with all religions, it must have a special relationship with Judaism. We will never understand truly Jesus or the early church if we reject the Jewishness of its origin. In the process, the faithfulness of the love of God to Israel will become visible to all. Thus, the providence of God is such that God incorporates the faithlessness and stubbornness of Israel into the saving plan of God for humanity. God is in fact at work in all things, even in the Jewish people largely rejecting the gospel, for the good of those who love God. God has considered human sin in the saving plan for the redemption of humanity.[3] Since the way God created resulted in the formation of independent creatures, human sin became the cost.[4] Such a view of saving history ought at least to raise the issue of whether Judaism and the church are the remnant God has for a people from within the human race that God intends to save in the end. Such a philosophy keeps in tension the purpose (choice, election, predestination) of God and respect for the freedom and dignity of those whom God created. The action of God is prior to all human action, since God is the source of our being. If God is to exercise providential care for humanity and its destiny, then obviously, God is at work in all things, bringing good out of evil, and moving humanity toward its destiny in Christ. Another way to say this is that God is present everywhere at the same time. Yet, God is at work in all things in a way that shows respect for the freedom and dignity of those whom God has created. God chooses to respect the freedom and dignity of those whom God has made within the limits determined by God so that the saving purpose of God for humanity will reach its divinely appointed end. We know that end because of Christ, in whom God is acting to reconcile and redeem humanity.

Since we began with a prayer, I invite you to conclude with a prayer. In a moving intercessory prayer for Jewish people, Henri Nouwen displays a very Christian view of our relationship with and our prayers for the Jews:

Give them peace and freedom after the many centuries of persecution and oppression; give them a safe home in Israel . . . give their children the “Shalom” in its full sense of physical, mental, and spiritual well-being.

I pray especially that you give to the Jews the generosity of heart to keep forgiving us Christians for the cruelties and atrocities to which we have subjected them.[5]



[1] Pannenberg, Systematic Theology, Volume III, 462, 470-72.
[2] Barth, Church Dogmatics 34.4
[3] Augustine, City of God, 14.27; 14.11.1.
[4] Pannenberg, Jesus God and Man, 76.
[5] (Henri Nouwen, A Cry for Mercy: Prayers from the Genesee [New York: Doubleday, 1981], p. 116.)

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