Thursday, August 3, 2017

Matthew 14:13-21

Matthew 14:13-21 (NRSV)
13 Now when Jesus heard this, he withdrew from there in a boat to a deserted place by himself. But when the crowds heard it, they followed him on foot from the towns. 14 When he went ashore, he saw a great crowd; and he had compassion for them and cured their sick. 15 When it was evening, the disciples came to him and said, “This is a deserted place, and the hour is now late; send the crowds away so that they may go into the villages and buy food for themselves.” 16 Jesus said to them, “They need not go away; you give them something to eat.” 17 They replied, “We have nothing here but five loaves and two fish.” 18 And he said, “Bring them here to me.” 19 Then he ordered the crowds to sit down on the grass. Taking the five loaves and the two fish, he looked up to heaven, and blessed and broke the loaves, and gave them to the disciples, and the disciples gave them to the crowds. 20 And all ate and were filled; and they took up what was left over of the broken pieces, twelve baskets full. 21 And those who ate were about five thousand men, besides women and children. 

Matthew 14:13-21 is the story of the miracle of the feeding of the 5000. The source is Mark. This is the one miracle story that all four gospels saw fit to include in their works. The early church prized this story, undoubtedly because the story shows a mighty work of Jesus that had a symbolic relevance to the Eucharist and to the promise of the Messianic banquet. Popular historical explanations abound, such as Jesus inspiring people to share their meager portions of food with others or that they survive on meager rations. They have their moral value. Yet, they tend to miss the point. Let us see if we can capture the point of the story. We see Jesus retreating to a deserted place in order to be alone. We see the crowd finding him. Matthew provides a strong contrast with the meal of Herod who, filled with evil jealousy, kills the prophet John the Baptist. Jesus will have a joyful, thankful, eschatological meal. In contrast to political leaders like Herod, who used violence to keep the people oppressed and to take away popular leaders like John the Baptist, Jesus showed compassion upon the people and healed them. Matthew suggests Jesus wants to be alone to reflect upon the significance of the death of John the Baptist. We can see the hesitant way of Jesus with the crowds, recognizing their longing for political deliverance, a longing from which Jesus clearly wanted to keep his distance.[1] The crowds have come to a deserted place somewhere in Galilee to be with Jesus. We are not sure why they come. They may have awareness of their spiritual need. They may have curiosity. They may have political concerns. Jesus does not seem to care why they came. The disciples inform him that the crowds need something to eat, but Jesus invites them to feed the crowds. Such a story about Jesus brings to mind a story of Elisha (II Kings 4:1-7, 42-44). During a famine, he invited a man carrying 20 loaves of barley to serve the people and let them eat. The servant of Elisha wonders how such a small amount will feed so many people, but Elisha assures him that the people will eat and have some left over. This story about Jesus appears to be a Midrash on this Old Testament story. In addition, in I Kings 17:8-16, Elijah allows the meager rations of the widow of Zarephath to provide sufficient food. We are also to think of Exodus 15 (manna provided in the wilderness) and Numbers 11 (quail). Such stories indicate the promise of heavenly nourishment, which in the time of Jesus would have an eschatological import. The people of God receive nourishment today that contains within it a promise of eschatological abundance. Jesus becomes the one sufficient to meet the needs of those who follow. When Jesus blessed the meager food, blesses and breaks the loaves, and has the disciples distribute the food, we are to think of the Lord’s Supper, even though the story does not have anything comparable to the cup of wine. He does not ask their views on Herod or the Romans occupying their homeland. He does not ask their views on John the Baptist. He does not ask them about which side they are on concerning the differences between Jesus and the Pharisees. To put it in modern parlance, he does not ask if they are progressives, conservatives, or another political brand. He does not ask about their views on the hot topics of the day, such as abortion or gun control. At some point, we need to have enough spiritual awareness that our political issues are petty in light of the Infinite and Eternal. The late hour, a place set apart, arriving on foot, a time set apart are all reminiscent of the later worshipping act of the faith community. Yet, the crowd is not only satisfied, but they have plenty of leftovers. The story wets our appetite for the eschatological and Messianic banquet, where we will set aside the finite issues that seem so important now and find ourselves satisfied by what Jesus gives us in eternity.


[1] Pannenberg, Systematic Theology Volume 2, 336.
 

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